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Navigation

• Chapter 1: Oil and gas resources on the Arctic Con
• 1.1. Russia’s oil and gas industry - a historical
• 1.2. Oil and gas raw material base on the Russia’s
• 1.3. Strategy for developing the oil and gas poten
• 1.4. Oil resources on Russia’s Euro-Arctic shelf
• 1.5. Gas resources on Russia’s Euro-Arctic shelf
• 1.6. Development of offshore oil and gas reserves
• 1.7. Subsoil regulation in Russia
• 1.8. Companies operating on the Arctic shelf
• Appendix I - I
• Appendix I - II
• Appendix I – III
• Appendix I – IV
• Appendix I - V
• Appendix I - VI
• Appendix I - VII
• Chapter 2: Transporting oil and gas in Northwest R
• 2.1. State regulations and strategies
• 2.2. Existing transport systems in Northwest Russi
• 2.3 Navigation
• 2.4. Future plans for oil and gas transport in Nor
• Chapter 3. Environmental risks when extracting an
• 3.1. Environmental risk when carrying out geologic
• 3.2. Environmental risks when exploiting oil and g
• 3.3. The Environmental risk when transporting oil
• 3.4. The state of the environment in the Pechora,
• Appendix III - I
• Appendix III - II
• Chapter 4. Oil and gas accidents – prevention and
• 4.1. Accidents and incidents: causes and consequen
• 4.2. Oil spill classification and responsibilities
• 4.3. Drafting plans for eliminating accidental oil
• 4.4. Eliminating spills
• 4.5 The Barents Sea’s Emergency Rescue Organizatio
• 4.6. Assessing damage and fines
• 4.7. The role of public organisations
• Appendix IV - I
• Appendix IV - II
• Appendix IV - III
• Chapter 5. Environmental impact of oil and gas ac
• 5.1. The Barents Sea
• 5.2. Environmental impact of oil and petroleum pro
• 5.3. The key areas for preserving bioresources in
• Appendix V - I
• Appendix V - II
• Appendix V - III
• Conclusion
• Appendix VI. The future of the northern regions

Appendix III - II

Fig. Diagram illustrating the greenhouse gas effect

The majority of Solar energy is absorbed by the surface layers of the oceans and dry land and then radiated back into space in the form of long-wave (infrared) radiation. However, a certain part of the discharged radiation is absorbed in the atmosphere as so-called greenhouse gases (in the first instance, water vapour, carbon dioxide (СО2), methane (СН4) and several others), which ensures additional heat build-up on the Earth’s surface - the Greenhouse effect.