Project Description

Bellona Environmental CCS Team

Foreword

Introduction to BEST

CCS – the new tool in combating global warming 

Why CCS? 

An efficient political and industrial decision-making process 

The Bellona Environmental CCS Team - BEST 

BEST deliverables 

Relevance of BEST 

The Deployment Programme 

I. CCS deployment roadmaps 

II. Advocacy 

III. Information hub - The Bellona CCS web 

The Analysis Programme 

I. Carbon negative CCS 

II. Environmental impact analysis 

III. Safe CO₂ storage 

IV. Technological and economical analysis 

V. Regulatory analysis 

BEST organisation  

I. BEST Leadership Forum   

II. BEST Management 

III. The BEST team   

IV. Staffing plans 

V. Project structure 

VI. Progress plan 

From pollution to solution: about the Bellona Foundation 

BEST Contact Information 

Foreword

Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) is a key technology in the battle against dangerous climate change. To ensure rapid and wide deployment of environmentally sound CCS, Bellona is launching a partnership with leading energy and technology companies.

The partnership will fund the first phase of the Bellona Environmental CCS Team (BEST) programme from its kick-off in October 2009 until December 2014.

The objective of the BEST programme is to accelerate the demonstration and eventual deployment of environmentally sound CCS, and to contribute significantly to making CCS a commercially attractive technology by 2020.

BEST will seek to support decision-making by establishing roadmaps for CCS demonstration and deployment as well as raising public awareness in key European countries and on the international scene. To ensure environmental and political effectiveness, BEST will continue to lead the development of cutting-edge technical and environmental analysis of the CCS value chain and innovative concepts such as carbon negative.

With BEST, Bellona will take its place as vocal and constructive advocate for CCS in Europe and in other selected countries around the world. Being a BEST partner will contribute to allowing us play that role.

Brussels 1 October 2009

Paal Frisvold

BEST programme leader / Chairman, Bellona Europa

paal@bellona.org / +32 473 978 760

“Securing future energy production and use while addressing the massive problem of climate change, are two indivisible challenges that will remain with us for decades to come. There is no possible alternative to moving, as quickly as possible, to a low-carbon world economy.

World energy demand will continue to grow. In the past such growth has resulted in ever increasing demand for fossil fuels. Improvements in energy efficiency – in its production, transport and use – can help to limit the growth in energy demand and this must remain a prime objective of all energy policies. Increased use of renewable energies should also play a very important role in reducing the amount of carbon emitted and major efforts will be required to achieve the necessary increases. Nuclear energy is also expected to play a significant role in the production of electricity in many countries. Nevertheless, it appears inevitable that the use of fossil fuels will still continue to grow, especially in the large and rapidly developing economies.

This is particularly true of the most carbon-emitting of the fuels – coal. There is no possibility that countries that currently rely heavily on coal for production of electricity and heat would be able to replace it with alternative sources of energy within three or four decades, even if they all eagerly wanted to. On the other hand, continuing to emit the carbon dioxide that results from coal burning would mean that we would fail – dramatically – to meet the targets that world leaders have set for emission reductions by 2050.

If coal is to continue to play its important role in our energy future, which I believe it will have to do, then only option is to capture, transport and safely and definitively store the carbon dioxide generated by its use. Carbon capture, transport and storage (CCS) is therefore a vital technology for our energy and climate future. This means that there is a very urgent need to demonstrate the technology on a commercial scale and rapidly deploy it.

It is clear that we, in Europe, are in an excellent position to take the lead in demonstrating CCS technologies. Without an accelerated demonstration programme, deployment of the technology in Europe and worldwide could come too late to avoid irreversible damage to our environment.

Unfortunately, while many governments agree on the need for CCS, they appear reluctant to take the necessary decisions to drive ahead its demonstration and deployment in the necessary time frame. The roadmaps that should result from the Bellona Environmental CCS Team (BEST) project could provide an important input to the decision-making processes in many EU Member States and, eventually, in the world at large.  Moreover, Bellona’s work to objectively communicate the environmental aspects of the entire CCS value chain will be highly relevant in our common efforts to increase public awareness of CCS. I wish it every success in this important task.”

Andris Piebalgs

Commissioner for Energy at the European Commission

Introduction to BEST

CCS – the new tool in combating global warming

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a new tool for combating global warming that was not available during the negotiations of the Kyoto protocol. Across the world, industry, policy makers, researchers, NGOs and the public at large are realizing that CCS can play a key role in achieving the necessary reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to avoid dangerous global warming. As the recent adoption of the EU Energy and Climate package in December 2008 shows, political leaders are getting serious about cutting emissions. The European Parliament has suggested a target of reducing GHG emissions by 80 percent by 2050, a target echoed across the Atlantic by President Obama as well as the new leaders in Japan.

Achieving this level of emission cuts will require a tremendous effort in transforming the society into a low carbon emitting economy. This can only happen quickly enough through a combination of an unprecedented increase in energy efficiency, massive deployment of renewable energy technologies, and accelerated deployment of CCS across the world. The technical solutions exist; the challenge is to make the political and industrial decision-making process more efficient.

Why CCS?

Enhanced efficiency - in both the use and production of energy - together with a greater share of renewables in energy production are the two main strategies to combat global warming, but the potential for these two strategies to bring about the necessary huge GHG emission reductions within short time available is limited. The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has suggested that global GHG emissions must be cut with up to 85 percent by 2050, a target that is unachievable without CCS as an additional strategy.

The challenges related to CCS deployment are, however, substantial:

• Technology must be improved to reduce the present energy penalty and thereby the CCS cost
• Models and guidelines must be established to help ensure safe CO₂ storage
• CCS must be included in national and international regulations
• Strategies for public communication must be established to ensure that the public understands and accepts CCS and that decision makers have the information and knowledge that they need to make the right decisions to support its implementation

CCS is the bridge to a future of a truly sustainable energy chain. Its deployment can only be achieved by bold and positive decisions by both industrial and political leaders to overcome the challenges listed above.

An efficient political and industrial decision-making process

Through the European Technology Platform on Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants (ZEP), Bellona has played an active role in creating the political and regulatory momentum to accelerate the introduction of CCS technologies. The experience from ZEP shows that the political and industrial decision-making process can be made remarkably efficient when fuelled by a constructive and inclusive advisory process.

An example is the ZEP proposal for an EU demonstration programme for CCS, presented at the ZEP General Assembly in November 2008. The proposal clearly identified the specific needs for scaling-up different CCS technologies with regard to capture, transportation and storage of CO₂, as well as proposals for concrete funding options.. In December 2008, the EU law makers went a long way towards following the proposal, adopting an unprecedented funding mechanism for the EU CCS demonstration programme as part of the revised ETS Directive and later funds via the European Economic recovery package. These funding mechanisms will support the construction of up to twelve demonstration CCS plants by 2015. The programme is likely to become the first European Industrial Initiative, under the EU’s SET Plan (Strategic Energy Technology Plan).

Implementing CCS in the power and heavy industry sectors is crucial if the EU is to achieve large CO₂ emission reductions. Over the next five years, the EU CCS demonstration programme will provide valuable experience, knowledge and competence with a view to preparing for the wider implementation and deployment of CCS throughout Europe and the world at large.

The Bellona Environmental CCS Team - BEST

Since 1993, Bellona has been a key player in driving the CCS agenda forward in Norway, the EU and beyond. To continue this effort and ensure rapid deployment of environmentally sound CCS, Bellona is now launching the Bellona Environmental CCS Team - BEST, a partnership with leading European energy and technology companies. The first phase of the BEST programme will run until 2014.

Bellona’s experience shows that the keys to success in driving the political decision-making process forward are:

i)       a solutions-oriented partnership with progressive industrial players based on mutual trust;

ii)     knowledge-leadership based on a strong capacity to produce cutting-edge analyses of key environmental, technical and economic issues of CCS deployment, and present these in a way that enables increased public awareness;

iii)   political leadership, through a sustained effort to create the political momentum necessary to drive decisions forward in the EU, CSLF[1] countries as well as in specific coal-intensive countries.

The foundation for the effective political leadership that is needed to drive forward the deployment of CCS is knowledge-leadership within key scientific aspects of CCS. Therefore the Analysis Programme is the core part of the project to drive the development of cutting-edge technical and environmental analysis of the CCS value chain. It will also help to develop innovative concepts such as carbon negative.

The Bellona Environmental CCS Team will build upon this foundation. A Deployment Programme will further strengthen political leadership to support the future deployment of CCS. Key elements of the Deployment Programme are the creation of roadmaps for CCS deployment and engagement with important stakeholders and the general public to raise awareness, initially in selected European countries.

The BEST programme is unique in its objective to establish CCS deployment roadmaps on national levels in parallel with engagement with important stakeholders and the public. BEST is therefore a new tool in the strategy to ensure accelerated CCS deployment.

BEST deliverables

A major step towards achieving BEST’s objectives will be achieved by establishing CCS deployment roadmaps in parallel with targeted advocacy. The CCS deployment roadmaps will be established in particular for countries where energy production is largely based on fossil fuels and where CCS can play an important role to ensure CO₂ emission reduction and energy supply security. Which countries to focus on initially is being decided together with partners in the BEST Leadership Forum - the steering committee of BEST, where all partners are represented.

The roadmaps will present CCS value chains including mapping of sources and sinks for CO₂, recommended regulations and policy actions to deploy the value chains. The roadmaps will be continuously updated based on technical, regulatory and political advances relevant for CCS and new insight developed within the analysis programme of BEST.

These national CCS deployment roadmaps will form the basis for targeted advocacy in the selected countries. This advocacy will be aimed at enhancing public understanding and acceptance of CCS and the development of policy implementation to facilitate CCS deployment.

Based on Bellona’s well-established expertise in advocating the need for CCS, the BEST advocacy team will use all available tools for political campaigning:

i)       Engage in dialogue with industry, research and NGOs in each country.

ii)     Build national and regional coalitions for specific CCS projects.

iii)   Participate in key CCS and climate change conferences to make the environmental case for CCS heard publicly.

iv)   Provide both technical and general information targeting all relevant national and regional media.

Table 1: Milestones and Deliverables.

Relevance of BEST

Several important milestones for CCS in the EU have been achieved the last year. EU funding mechanisms for CCS demonstration projects have been established through the New Entrants Reserve Programme (NER) and the European Energy Programme for Recovery (EEPR). But several major challenges still remain before CCS becomes a commercially viable technology.

The first important challenge is to ensure that the new directive is implemented in laws and regulations in the Member States. However, the NER and EEPR financing mechanisms will not cover the full cost of the necessary demonstrations and funding from industry and the Member States is also required to ensure that these projects are fully financed.

BEST will address this challenge and contribute to promoting successful political decisions in selected countries to identify national funding options for CCS demonstration projects. By doing so, BEST will help to pave the way for a commercial market for CCS and play an important part in contributing to achieving the necessary GHG emission reduction targets.

The Deployment Programme

The goal of the Deployment Programme is to support the decision-making process necessary to accelerate the deployment of environmentally sound CCS. Roadmaps for CCS deployment will be a key element of the Deployment Programme as they will provide the necessary knowledge basis to engage with important stakeholders and the general public to raise awareness in selected countries. 

I. CCS deployment roadmaps

Bellona seeks to work closely with its partners with a view to presenting comprehensive reports on the role of CCS and its deployment in many countries. ‘Roadmaps for CCS Deployment’ in specific countries will therefore be established.

Country selection

The BEST Leadership Forum, where all BEST partners are represented, will decide on the preliminary list of countries where BEST will establish CCS roadmaps. The initial aim is, however, to establish such roadmaps for all the countries listed below.

Table 2. The first countries where BEST aims at establishing CCS Roadmaps

* 2006 coal share of power generation

^# CCS is, however, relevant in Sweden for industries and biomass power plants

Roadmap design strategy

Each country-specific roadmap will be delivered as a standardised report. These reports will be based on existing literature and interviews with industrial stakeholders, academics and government experts. The roadmaps will be the cornerstone of BEST outreach activities. They will be carried out by BEST staff in Oslo, Brussels and each subject country. The roadmaps will be continuously updated.

Each roadmap will include the following:

i)       An initial review of all CCS-relevant studies and politics in the country (many such reviews have already been carried out by Bellona).

ii)     An emission reduction scenario for 2050 presenting the role of CCS as part of a broader climate change mitigation portfolio. This “national Bellona scenario” will be carried out in a bottom-up manner similar to the one used to prepare the “How to combat global warming” [2] scenario (i.e. resulting in a carbon-negative EU by 2050). Each scenario will be examined together with regulatory scenarios so as to identify what regulations are still needed at national and/or European level to reach the targeted CCS deployment.

iii)   A description of possible CCS value chains (from source to sink) through to 2050.

iv)    A simplified techno-economic analysis of future CCS markets in the national Bellona scenarios (building on existing literature and the upcoming global CCS Roadmap from the International Energy Agency, IEA). The main emphasis will be on identifying cost levels for the power and industry sectors to deploy CCS to the extent necessary – and the corresponding market opportunities for CCS technology.

v)      Recommendations for how policy makers, industry, research companies and NGOs should work together to achieve the appropriate level of CCS deployment.

II. Advocacy

Bellona is a progressive environmental pressure group. The national CCS roadmaps will provide the basis for targeted advocacy in the selected countries. This advocacy will aim at enhancing public understanding and acceptance of CCS and developing policy to facilitate the implementation of CCS deployment.

Advocacy plans will be elaborated in detail for 12 months at a time in order to adjust to political developments. The strategic directions of the advocacy programme are outlined below. All members of the BEST team will also receive internal advocacy training.

Advocacy in the EU

Centred on Bellona’s presence in Brussels, a team will be established to carry out advocacy in selected Member States (MS) in the EU.

Based on Bellona’s well-established expertise in advocating the need for CCS, the MS advocacy team will use all available tools for political campaigning:

i)       Engage in dialogue with other environmental NGOs in the selected MS and build coalitions within civil society more broadly and, when relevant, with companies. The national Bellona scenarios for emission reductions will be the key platform for such dialogue.

ii)     Build regional coalitions for specific CCS projects (along the lines of Rotterdam Climate Initiative).

iii)    Cover all key CCS and climate change conferences to make the environmental case for CCS heard publicly.

iv)    Provide both technical and general information targeting all relevant national and regional media. The aim is to provide objective information about how CCS works, its challenges and opportunities, why it is needed and how it fits into the wider portfolio of climate mitigation options.

Although advocacy in selected Member States is a top priority of BEST, Brussels will remain an important forum for advocacy on CCS. Advocacy towards the EU institutions will continue to achieve best public value and maximum CO₂ reductions through the EU emission allowances set aside for CCS through the ETS directive, as well as CCS funding from the EU budget. Advocacy will also pursue the proposal for a CO₂ emission performance standard (EPS) for EU power generation, which would act as a regulatory stick for CCS to complement the financial carrots already adopted.

Training

National experts will be recruited to be part of the team. However, before anyone starts operating in national capitals, extensive training with Bellona in Oslo and Brussels will be delivered (on average three months in total). Some national experts have already been identified through a “CCS mapping” project undertaken May-September 2009 with consultants in Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Spain and Portugal.

Advocacy outside the EU

Bellona has also made a substantial effort to communicate the importance of deploying environmentally sound CCS before and during the UNFCCC negotiations in Copenhagen and is planning to continue these efforts on similar platforms. Cooperation with key stakeholders in the US is also on the drawing board.

Expansion of BEST into key coal-burning countries outside the EU will be considered after roadmaps and advocacy have been well established in a number of key EU Member States. In the meantime, co-ordination with similar efforts outside Europe will be ensured through participation in initiatives by – in particular – the International Energy Agency, the Global CCS Institute, ClimateWorks’ CCS Commercialisation Network and the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF).

III. Information hub - The Bellona CCS web

Lack of public awareness of CCS as a tool to mitigate global warming is commonly quoted as one of the main barriers to global deployment of CCS. As an independent environmental NGO with expertise on the political, technical and environmental aspects of CCS, Bellona is uniquely positioned to play an important role in overcoming the public awareness barrier. Bellona has therefore developed the Bellona CCS Web (www.bellona.org/ccs) to serve as a global information hub for accurate information about CCS.

The Bellona CCS Web is designed to inspire the user to explore the world of CCS. The underlying rationale is that a strong support base for CCS can only be built if key stakeholders and the general public are informed about how CCS works and to understand why it is needed and what is needed to make it happen. The CCS Web therefore provides accurate factual information supported by dynamic animations, figures and illustrations. The target group is the wider public, including students, politicians, civil servants, journalists and business leaders seeking information on CCS.

The BEST programme plans to upgrade the Bellona CCS Web and establish it as the world’s leading source of information about CCS. The web site will be improved with new and professional animations and illustrations and continuously updated with news and relevant information about CCS. The Bellona CCS Web is today available in English, and the top levels of the web site may also be translated to Spanish, French and German. Translation into other languages will also be considered.  Relevant articles and reports in other languages will be linked on the page.

Communicating CCS is challenging. In order to ensure the highest standards of the Bellona CCS Web and advocacy in international media and communication channels, BEST will employ a fluent English speaking CCS communications officer.

Front page of the Bellona CCS Web, www.bellona.org/CCS

The Analysis Programme

Bellona’s experience clearly shows that advocacy is most effective when it is founded on rigorous environmental, technical and socioeconomic analysis. For example, Bellona has published widely quoted analyses of the role CCS can play in achieving the needed level of emission reductions in Europe and globally. It has also published a pioneering study of the potential for establishing a commercially viable CO₂-for-EOR value chain on the Norwegian Continental Shelf [3]. Bellona is an integral part of a number of European research projects, actively cooperating with the leading research institutes on key aspects of CCS.

The BEST Analysis Programme will build on these achievements to form the knowledge foundation for a successful Deployment Programme. In close collaboration with academia and industry, the Analysis Programme will drive the development of cutting-edge analysis within environmental impact analysis, CO₂ storage safety and monitoring, energy systems analysis, policy and regulatory analysis, and effective communication of CCS. Innovative concepts such as carbon negative CCS will also be analysed in order to provide a positive, sustainable vision for CCS.

Deliverables from the Analysis Programme will be scientific reports covering recommendations on how to overcome challenges related to CCS commercialisation. The reports will be key tools for the BEST Deployment Programme and they will form the basis for efficient and fruitful advocacy of CCS.

I. Carbon negative CCS

In principle, biomass binds carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as it grows. Substituting fossil fuels and feedstocks in transportation, space heating, industry, and power generation with biomass can in many instances be considered to be carbon neutral. Combining these biomass applications with CCS takes this one step further, creating carbon negative value chains that actually remove CO₂ from the atmosphere.

This carbon negative vision for CCS is important for several reasons. First of all, carbon negative CCS could play an important role in all global mitigation scenarios that would reduce emissions by as much as the IPCC advocates are needed in order to contain global warming at maximum 2 degrees. For example, Bellona’s own 85 percent reduction scenario published in 2008 shows that carbon negative energy could deliver 18% of the necessary reductions.

Secondly, the latest scientific observations of climate change indicate that the climate is already warming faster than the most pessimistic climate scenarios. This has led climatologists like Dr. James Hansen and colleagues to advocate a reduction of atmospheric levels of CO₂ from 387 ppm at current to 350 ppm. Carbon negative CCS is one of the most promising ways to do so.

Thirdly, reaching an ambitious deal on climate change is only possible if it is perceived as strengthening industrial development in poor countries. CCS in combination with biomass for energy does so by enabling the creation of a global green energy commodity market that offers developing countries an opportunity to create an export-oriented green energy industry, and with it much-needed job creation and economic development.

Some energy companies are already set to integrate biomass with CCS. Vattenfall has launched a programme to co-fire biomass with coal at their first CCS demonstration plant, the Nord-Jylland power plant, while RWE is planning a demonstration of micro-algae production at one of their power plants in Germany. As part of the effort to provide a positive long-term vision for CCS, BEST will support efforts like these by analysing and communicating the changes in policy and regulatory frameworks necessary to facilitate the development of carbon negative CCS.

The BEST team will perform the following studies related to carbon negative CCS:

• Asses the potential for biomass production from algae
• Define value chains for carbon negative CCS
• Identify the power plants best suited for carbon negative CCS
• Recommendations on regulatory framework necessary to deploy carbon negative CCS

II. Environmental impact analysis

Environmental impact analysis is important in order to make sure that the inevitable trade-offs between various environmental costs and benefits throughout the CCS value chain are addressed in a systematic manner.

Evaluation of environmental impacts in the BEST programme will include both global and local environmental effects, and the analysis will be carried out in a life cycle perspective. For this purpose, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a powerful tool that can reveal the true GHG emission reduction potential of various CCS systems and at the same time identify other relevant environmental impacts throughout the value chain.

Several LCA of the entire value chain from fuel extraction to the ultimate sequestration of CO₂ have already been carried out by the academic community. The BEST Analysis Programme will produce a synthesis of these with the aim of providing pointers for further analysis and extract implications for the deployment of CCS.

The following studies will be carried out:

• Methane release from coal mining
• Leakage potential in transport by pipelines
• Risk assessment for storage in a) saline aquifers, b) depleted oil and gas fields, c) basaltic rocks
• Environmental impacts from a large scale CO₂ capture plant
• Combining CO₂ capture with emission reduction of NO_x, SO₂, H₂S, particles
• LCA analysis of the emission reduction potential for carbon negative CCS

III. Safe CO₂ storage

CCS is only an acceptable strategy to mitigate global warming if it is undertaken in a safe manner. Perceived uncertainties and ambiguities with respect to the ability to ensure safe storage of CO₂ on a large scale could be a barrier to broad deployment of CCS. Confidence and credibility within this field is therefore a prerequisite for an effective deployment programme.

The BEST Analysis Programme will expand on Bellona’s established knowledge base within CO₂ storage, with particular focus on analysing and synthesising knowledge about

• CO₂ storage capacity on a global and regional basis, including depleted oil and gas fields, saline aquifers and basaltic rocks
• Geological trapping mechanisms that keep  CO₂ safely stored after its injection in the reservoir
• Methodologies for characterization and selection of storage sites
• Techniques for monitoring storage sites during and after injection
• Remediation techniques in the case of any detected leakage
• Environmental and health impact in the event of leakage
• How to communicate the concept of safe storage to decision makers and to the wider public

In addition to building confidence and allowing credible advocacy of CCS, this analysis will form the basis for contributing to the establishment of industry standards and guidelines for site selection, environmental impact assessments, monitoring requirements and leakage remediation.

IV. Technological and economical analysis

In the 2005-report on CO₂ for EOR on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) [4], Bellona showed how a techno-economically viable value chain for CCS could be established. This report serves as a roadmap for the effort to deploy CCS on the NCS. Based on this foundation, Bellona is a partner in the European research project ECCO [5], which aims to design a European value chain that links CO₂ sources with CO₂ storage sites.

Another important part of Bellona’s recent work has been the studies of the potential role of CCS in the wider climate change agenda [6]. In a scientifically sound manner, this research shows that an ambitious climate policy is not feasible without large-scale deployment of CCS.

Within the BEST Analysis Programme, Bellona will continue to develop cutting-edge analysis in the techno-economic field, including monitoring the development of new capture concepts and technologies and analysing new possibilities for the wider application of CCS.

Technological and economical studies to be carried out:

• Identify possible CCS value chains on international and national levels including evaluation of possible technical solutions and analysis of economic models
• Recommendation for optimised CCS infrastructure
• Evaluation of mature and immature CO₂ capture concepts

V. Regulatory analysis

Deployment of CCS must be driven forward by a combination of a carrot and a stick. The advocacy of CCS must address both these approaches to be credible.

The goal of the ZEP is to make CCS commercially available by 2020. In the demonstration phase up to 2020, power plants with CCS will have to carry an extra cost compared to plants without CCS, so it is important to devise a carrot in the form of a financing scheme. Within the BEST Analysis Programme, Bellona will carry out scenario analysis of various possibilities for securing this financing within key countries and on a global basis. It will publish a reports its findings.  

To supplement the financial carrot, a regulatory stick is important – if not vital. The most promising alternative is likely to be the setting of an Emission Performance Standard – EPS. Bellona will analyse the pros and cons of various possible schemes for an EPS and publish a report with its recommendations.

Studies to be performed will include:

• Recommendation for how the EU CO₂ storage directive should be included in national regulations
• Juridical evaluation of EPS, including recommendations for how EPS should be addressed in international and national regulations
• Juridical evaluation of possible funding mechanisms for CCS in a demonstration phase and an early commercial demonstration phase

BEST organisation

I. BEST Leadership Forum

Each of the industrial partners will be invited to have a representative in the BEST Leadership Forum, which will be lead by Frederic Hauge, President of The Bellona Foundation. The role of the forum is to give strategic direction to BEST, and guide the daily management. The forum Group will convene on a quarterly basis.

Frederic Hauge Chairman of BEST steering group, President of Bellona In 1986, Frederic Hauge established Bellona, which has facilitated concrete changes in environmental policies among political and industrial leaders in Norway and internationally. Today, Bellona is as international scientific and technology based environmental NGO. In 2007, Mr. Hauge was elected Vice Chairman of the Advisory Council for the European Commission’s Technology Platform for Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants (ZEP).

II. BEST Management

The BEST programme will be lead by Derek Taylor and Paal Frisvold who together represent long experience and knowledge related to CCS. They will ensure a successful management of BEST and their expertise will be a guarantee for successful achievement of the BEST ambitions.

Derek Taylor Director of BEST Derek Taylor holds a PhD in geology/geochemistry and started his career at British Petroleum before joining the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. From 1984 until 2009, he was with the European Commission, where for many years he was a head of unit in the field of nuclear energy and safety. Over the last few years, Taylor has focused on the security of energy supply and energy markets, where he has been advising on the environmental impacts of energy and energy policy, in particular relating to carbon emissions and climate change and was also responsible for international co-operation on CCS.

Paal Frisvold Project leader Paal Frisvold has worked with political processes in the EU, IEA and at G8 level related to CCS for years.  He has a large network, including very good connections to the European commission and European Parliament. Member of the ZEP Coordination Group. He holds a Masters Degree in International Relations from Johns Hopkins University, SAIS.

III. The BEST team

Current members of the BEST team in addition to Frederic Hauge, Derek Taylor and Paal Frisvold are listed below. In addition, the ambitious scope of BEST will require new employees with key expertise within CCS and project management. Recruitment of additional staff will commence as soon as sufficient funding is secured.

Current BEST team

	Aage Stangeland Analysis Programme manager After several years working as a researcher and engineer within industry, Aage Stangeland started working with CCS in Bellona in 2005. He is the author of a majority of the CCS studies and report from Bellona over the last years. He is a member of the ZEP Task Force on Technology.  He has an MSc in chemical engineering and a Dr. Scient in materials science.
	Eivind Hoff Deployment Programme manager Eivind Hoff is a lobbyist experienced with both European and multilateral affairs. He has worked for several years with trade policy, both at the Norwegian Ministry of Trade and Industry and at the WWF European Policy Office. Author of a Bellona paper on financing options for EU CCS demonstration programme. He holds an MA in European studies from the College of Europe and an LLM in public international law from the University of London.
	Bjørn Utgård  Advocacy and technology expert Bjørn Utgård has an M.Sc. in Energy and Environment Engineering from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology and Kyoto University, specialised on strategies for risk and reliability assessment of new carbon capture technologies. He has an interdisciplinary experience within technical, economic, environmental and political aspects of CCS experience, and is an experienced advocate of action on climate change and CCS.
	Laetitia Birkeland Legal expert Laetitia Birkeland has a French law degree and Master in International Private Law from the University La Sorbonne in Paris and practiced as a lawyer before she moved to Norway in 1998. In Norway, she worked several years in a Norwegian business law firm and qualified as a Norwegian lawyer before she decided to join Bellona in the end of 2007. She is the author of Bellona’s paper on the legal aspects of CCS following the adoption of the Directive on geological storage of CO2.
	Gøril Tjetland Geologist Gøril Tjetland is a geologist with a M.Sc. from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. She has substantial industrial and international experience from previous positions in oil and mining companies where she has performed geological surveys on finding gold in Norway and oil in the Middle East. She joined the Bellona Foundation September 2009.
	Anne Karin Sæther CCS communications expert Anne Karin Sæther worked as a journalist in Norwegian print media and radio for several years before joining Bellona as head of information in 2006. She is a member of the ZEP Task Force on Communication, and holds a Major Degree in journalism and political science from the University of Oslo.
	Svend Søyland International climate policy expert Svend Søyland has worked for Bellona on CCS issues in the USA since 2004 and represents Bellona in the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum. He has an extensive network in US both in academia, government as well as the oil/gas and power sectors. He is also following the UNFCCC negotiations closely. He holds a Cand. Polit. Degree from the universities of Bergen and Oslo.
	Jan Havlik Programme coordinator Jan Havlik started to work for Bellona in 2009 as a CCS consultant. His previous position was as coordinator of the Czech Presidency of the Council of the EU, Ministry of Environment of the Czech Republic. He has extended experience working with members of the European parliament and with the Czech government. He has his M.A. in European Studies from two European universities, the Charles University, Prague and Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris III.

IV. Staffing plans

The BEST Team will expand through the project period of 2010 – 2014. The following new positions are planned:

• Three geological and environmental experts to work on CO₂ storage safety projects
• A high level EU policy officer to facilitate the development of BEST CCS roadmaps
• A CCS advocacy trainer with responsibility to develop and train the BEST advocacy team
• Two communication officers to manage public communication and the continuous development of the Bellona CCS Web as a respected and attractive communication hub
• Political and technological experts will be hired or employed in countries selected for CCS roadmap establishment. In total, 13 new experts are planned to be hired or employed for this task. The number of new positions to work on roadmaps will, however, depend on available funding and decisions made by the BEST Leadership Forum, but a preliminary analysis concluded that 13 new positions would be required to establish roadmaps for the 17 countries indicated in Table 1 in the description of the Deployment Programme.

New employments will require new funding prior to employment. The plan is start new employment early 2010 and to fill the majority of the vacant positions by 2012.

In 2010 the plan is start up two new BEST offices, - one in London and one in Berlin. Each of these will be employed by one and a half man year.

V. Project structure and sub-project deliverables

The BEST programme is split into sub-projects (SP) and work packages (WP) according to the figure below.

SP0 – Management

The aim of SP0 is to ensure efficient leadership of BEST and efficient coordination of project plans, activities and deliverables. SP0 is also responsible for implementing decisions from the BEST Leadership Forum. BEST is managed using advanced communication and project management tools to ensure the best resource use possible.

Regarding Data Management and databases resources will be allocated in 2010 to build a robust CCS database. This work was initiated in 2009 and parts of it can be found on the CCS web (www.bellona.org/ccs) under “Interactive map”.

SP1 – Advocacy

All activities on advocacy and public communication are organized in SP1.

SP1 is split into four work packages (WPs) reflecting the main activities:

• WP1.1: Advocacy to ensure accelerated CCS deployment in selected countries
• WP1.2: Advocacy training to ensure top expertise within the BEST advocacy team
• WP1.3: A Press Center to ensure professional public communication
• WP1.4: Continuously updating the Bellona CCS Web

The objective of the proposed Advocacy and Training project work is to implement a comprehensive CCS advocacy and training program in countries where accelerated CCS deployment depends on increasing CCS capacity and capability. Advocacy and training will principally be aimed at enhancing public awareness of CCS and facilitating policy implementation for CCS deployment, through activities including:

• presentations on conferences, seminars, workshops, meetings with stakeholders, and meetings with politicians and decision makers;
• developing and running training programs for new CCS staff in countries where CCS roadmaps will be established;
• using public media to communicate outcomes from the BEST Work Program to CCS stakeholders and the general public; and
• developing Bellona CCS Web as a resource to provide the public with relevant and up to date information on CCS across a range of languages.

Consistent with the schedule of Milestones and Deliverables in Table 1, deliverables from the Advocacy and Training project will include:

• BEST Leadership Forum meetings quarterly;
• annual progress reports; and
• annual reports with recommendations to decision makers on how to accelerate CCS deployment.
• For 2010 two advocacy training programs will be run.
• For 2010 two internal BEST workshops will be run, one in Brussels and another in one of the satellite CCS roadmap countries.

SP2 – Roadmaps

The BEST roadmaps for CCS deployment will be developed and continuously updated in SP2.

SP2 will be split into several WPs; one for roadmap management, and one WP for each country that the BEST Leadership Forum decides to establish roadmaps for. There will be a close cooperation between SP1 and SP2 to ensure efficient advocacy based on CCS roadmaps.

In order to accelerate CCS deployment, BEST will work closely with its partners to develop comprehensive country roadmap reports to facilitate CCS roll-out in key countries. Each roadmap will be delivered as a report and will be regularly updated. Activities involved in developing deployment roadmaps will include:

• interviewing key CCS stakeholders from industry and government;
• undertaking extensive literature surveys on relevant CCS studies; and
• completing technological and economical studies to establish CCS roadmaps.

The roadmaps will sketch recommendations for how policy makers, industry, research companies and NGOs should work together to achieve an appropriate level of CCS deployment.

Each roadmap will include the following:

i)          a review of all CCS studies and publications which have relevance to the country;

ii)         emission reduction scenarios for 2050 which present the role of CCS as part of a broader climate change mitigation portfolio and which consider the policy and regulatory environments required to achieve CCS deployment targets;

iii)        a description and analysis of possible CCS value chains through 2050;

iv)        a simplified techno-economic analysis of future CCS markets; and

v)         recommendations on how policymakers, industry, research companies and NGOs should work together to achieve the appropriate level of CCS deployment.

The BEST Leadership Forum, as the governing body of BEST, will approve the list of countries to be studied. However, an indicative list based on fossil fuel reliance for energy production is listed in Table 2.

In 2010 two round-table discussions will be organized in each of the countries where roadmaps are being developed (Hungary, Greece, Norway, Poland, Germany and the UK).

SP3 – Research

SP3 will carry out research on subjects that are challenging for commercialization of CCS, and the results will be documented in scientific reports. The aim of SP3 is to supply SP1 and SP2 with the analyses and research results that are required to establish roadmaps and to perform top level advocacy.

SP3 is split into five WPs covering the most challenging research areas for CCS deployment:

• WP3.1: Carbon negative – the potential for combining biomass and CCS
• WP3.2: Life Cycle Analysis of CCS value chains
• WP3.3: CO₂ storage safety
• WP3.4: Techno-economic analysis related to CCS deployment
• WP3.5: Analysis of regulatory issues related to CCS

Through its Research project, BEST will carry out additional research on CCS-related topics where new knowledge is needed for optimal advocacy campaign and establishing roadmaps. The research activities will include:

• life cycle analysis (LCA), to determine the total CO₂ footprint across the complete CO₂ value chain;
• participation, with main focus on EU Framework Platform 7 (FP7) and FP8 projects, in joint venture projects with the objective to ensure safe CO₂ storage;
• performing technological and economic studies, including comprehensive reports on CCS costs to ensure high quality CCS advocacy and roadmaps;
• participation in the EU FP7 project ECCO (European Value Chain for CO2) to develop recommendations on how to establish European CCS infrastructure and how to address early opportunities like enhanced oil and gas recovery (EOR and EGR);
• CCS-related regulatory analyses of Norway and internationally; and
• engaging in research activities that can accelerate the development of carbon negative projects.

Consistent with the schedule of Milestones and Deliverables in Table 1, deliverables from the Research project will include:

• Reports with LCA results (2010 and 2011);
• Publishing of results in journals, or major international newspaper (2010-2014);
• Report from technical study on environmental effect of amines (December 2009);
• Techno-economic report on how to finance CCS (December 2009);
• The ECCO project has established several deliverables, and the most important ones where Bellona contributes are listed below:
  • Final report with recommendation for how to establish European CCS infrastructure (September 2011);
  • Report on recommendations for regulatory framework (2011);
  • Workshop where the aim is dissemination of results (2011); and
  • Establishment of project web site (2009).
• Report on regulatory issues for CCS in Norway (2009);
• Report with recommendations for international regulatory issues for CCS (2010); and
• Conceptual study on the combination of CCS and energy production from biomass (2010).

SP4 – ZEP

Bellona has been a member of the European Technology Platform on Fossil Fuel Power Plants (ZEP) since it started in 2005. Its work in ZEP has been an important part of Bellona’s strategy to deploy CCS and Bellona has played an important goal in establishing ZEP’s recommendations and ensuring they are adopted in European climate and energy policy. Bellona will continue its active role within the ZEP and the results obtained within ZEP will form an important platform for the roadmap and advocacy strategies in the BEST programme.

SP4 is split into two WPs. The first covers Bellona’s participating in the ZEP Advisory Council (AC), the ZEP Coordination Group and all ZEP task forces. The second WP is the Shadow Group, which is an open forum where Bellona inform about status for CCS within the ZEP and EU to all members of the Shadow Group. In addition, the Shadow Group represents a strong network where all CCS stakeholders are regularly invited to seminars on how to advance on technical, political and regulatory issues related to CCS. The Shadow Group was founded in 2006 and has since then been a important network for Bellona to ensure knowledge sharing among CCS stakeholders.

For further details on ZEP and ZEP deliverables 2010 please see the attached ZEP project description and budget (attachments 3 and 4).

SP5 – CCS Norway

The Bellona Foundation has its main office in Oslo, Norway, and it is important for Bellona to ensure a strong position in its home country. SP5 aims at accelerating CCS deployment in Norway, and the activities in WP5.1 will be a continuation of Bellona’s work on CCS in Norway.

WP5.2, the CCS Forum, is a new activity aiming at bringing Bellona’s CCS work in Norway to a higher level. The CCS Forum is planned to be established in 2010 and it will be a platform where Norwegian CCS stakeholders from industry and research can join Bellona and perform in-depth analysis on issues relevant for accelerated CCS deployment in Norway.

As a Norwegian organisation, and as a strong advocate for CCS in Europe, Bellona is in a strong position to undertake a specific work project aimed at promoting CCS deployment in Norway. The proposed work project includes the creation of a forum dedicated to CCS stakeholders from Norway as well as from other countries.

Consistent with the schedule of Milestones and Deliverables at Table 1, deliverables from the CCS Norway project will include:

• Evaluation reports for how to establish CCS clusters at Kårstø, Mongstad, Tjeldbergodden, Grenland and Melkøya (2010);
• Publishing articles on how to deploy CCS in Norway in scientific journals or newspapers;
• Responding to public consultations on CCS from Norwegian governmental bodies;
• Convening and holding CCS Forum meetings to establish common guidelines, recommendations or methods to facilitate accelerated CCS deployment; and
• Written statements, as appropriate, with recommendation to governmental bodies on the need for CCS regulations and incentives.

VI. Progress plan

A tentative progress plan of BEST is listed below. Please note that the BEST Leadership Forum will establish annual project plans with concrete specifications of progress plans and deliverables.

Advocacy

• The BEST team will continuously perform CCS advocacy according to details described in this document from throughout the lifetime of the BEST programme.

CCS Roadmaps

• 2010: Establish CCS roadmaps for at least the first six EU Member States. The BEST Leadership Forum will decide which countries to start working with. The initial plan is, however, to start with Germany, Poland, Hungary, Greece, Norway and the UK.
• 2011: Establish CCS roadmaps for all countries specified in Table 2. All roadmaps established in 2010 will be updated
• 2012-2014: Annual updates of all CCS roadmaps

Research

• All five WPs in SP3 will annually publish scientific reports on subjects specified by the BEST Leadership forum. For further specifications on deliverables and publications for 2010 please refer to Table 1 “Milestones and Deliverables”.

VIII. BEST achievements 2008 – 2009

Bellona reports:

-         Pre-mapping CCS in Portugal Report

-         Pre-mapping CCS in Romania Report

-         Pre-mapping CCS in Spain Report

-         Pre-mapping CCS in Bulgaria Report

-         Pre-mapping CCS in Czech Republic Report

-         Pre-mapping CCS in Greece Report

-         Pre-mapping CCS in Hungary

-         Pre-mapping CCS in Italy Report

-         Pre-mapping CCS in Poland Report

-         Summary mapping article

Bellona CCS Newsletter

-         sent twice a month to our contacts and interested parties around the world

Bellona papers 

Events:

-        Arrangering av rundebord om CO₂-håndtering i Sofia, Bulgaria, 23. september 2009[7].

-        Arrangering av rundebord om CO₂-håndtering i Athen, Hellas, 24. september 2009[8], med påfølgende mediaoppslag i gresk TV og nyhetsnettsteder

-        Arrangering av seminaret ”Towards a carbon neutral Greece” i Athen, Hellas, 26. november 2009 [9],, med påfølgende mediaoppslag i gresk TV og nyhetsnettsteder.

-        Arrangering av ”side event” på Rome CCS Expo oktober 2009 [10].

-        Arrangering av konferanse om kullrensingsteknologi, inkl. CCS, i Warszawa 17.-18. september 2009.

-        Presentasjon på konferansen ”CCS and CCR in Germany, Norway and the Netherlands”, Essen, 24. november 2009

-        Presentasjoner på NGO-seminar om CCS i København 21.-22. oktober 2009

-        Publisering av rapport om hvordan allmenn kommunikasjon bør adresseres i fullskala CO₂-håndteringsprosjekter

From pollution to solution: about the Bellona Foundation

The Bellona Foundation is an international environmental NGO based in Norway. Founded in 1986 as a direct action protest group, Bellona has become a recognized technology and solution-oriented organization with offices in Oslo, Brussels, Washington DC, St. Petersburg and Murmansk. Altogether, some 60 engineers, ecologists, nuclear physicists, economists, lawyers, political scientists and journalists work at Bellona.

Bellona endeavors to identify and implement sustainable solutions to the world’s most pressing environmental problems. These include the fight against global warming, the environmental impact of the oil and gas industry in Europe and Russia, and the cleanup after the legacy of the Cold War in Russia.

In all of its pursuits, Bellona understands that it is important to work with industry. Members of the business and industrial community, as well as scientists, can cooperate with Bellona to find more ecologically sound methods of operation. Bellona strongly believes that through such cooperation, new solutions to environmental problems can be found and implemented.

BEST Contact Information

Paal Frisvold 

BEST programme leader

Chairman, Bellona Europa

paal@bellona.org

+32 473 978 760

[1] CSLF: Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum, http://www.cslforum.org/

[2] Bellona Report. How to Combat Global Warming. June 2008. http://www.bellona.org/reports/How_to_Combat_Global_Warming

[3] All Bellona publications on CCS are available at the Bellona CCS Web; http://www.bellona.org/ccs/Artikler/publications

[4]CO₂ for Enhanced Oil Recovery on the Norwegian Shelf, Bellona report, 2005, http://www.bellona.org/filearchive/fil_CO2_report_English_Ver_1B-06022006.pdf

[5] The projects European Value Chain for CO₂,(ECCO) is a European research project under FP7 aiming at establishing recommendations for how a European infrastructure for CCS could be built. More information available at www.fp7-ecco.com

[6] All Bellona publications on CCS are available at the Bellona CCS Web; http://www.bellona.org/ccs/Artikler/publications

[7] Bellonas CCS-rundebord i Sofia: http://www.bellona.org/news/news_2009/sofia_ccs_talks

[8] Bellonas CCS-rundebord i Athen: http://www.bellona.org/articles/articles_2009/greek_ccs

[9] Bellonas seminar ”Towards a carbon neutral Greece”: http://www.bellona.org/articles/articles_2009/carbon_neutral_greece

[10] Bellonas side event på Rome CCS Expo: http://www.bellona.org/news/news_2009/public_policy_italy